Ústní zkouška

Oral examination

Börner G., The Early Universe (Springer, Berlin 1993)

Coles P. and Lucchin F., Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Structure (Wiley, Chichester 2002)

Dodelson S., Modern Cosmology (Academic Press, San Diego 2003)

Islam J. N., An Introduction to Mathematical Cosmology (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2001)

Kolb E. W. and Turner M. S., The Early Universe (Westview Press, Boulder 1994)

Peebles P. J. E., Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1993)

Peter P. and Uzan J.-P., Primordial Cosmology (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2009)

Schneider P., Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology (Springer, Berlin 2006)Weinberg S., Cosmology (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2008)

Weinberg S., Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (Wiley, New York 1972)

Börner G., The Early Universe (Springer, Berlin 1993)

Coles P. and Lucchin F., Cosmology: The Origin and Evolution of Cosmic Structure (Wiley, Chichester 2002)

Dodelson S., Modern Cosmology (Academic Press, San Diego 2003)

Islam J. N., An Introduction to Mathematical Cosmology (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge 2001)

Kolb E. W. and Turner M. S., The Early Universe (Westview Press, Boulder 1994)

Peebles P. J. E., Principles of Physical Cosmology (Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton 1993)

Peter P. and Uzan J.-P., Primordial Cosmology (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2009)

Schneider P., Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology (Springer, Berlin 2006)Weinberg S., Cosmology (Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford 2008)

Weinberg S., Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity (Wiley, New York 1972)

Zkouška pokrývá sylabus předmětu v rozsahu probraném na přednášce.

The examination follows the syllabus of the course as covered by the lectures.

Reminders from the General theory of relativity course (NTMF111): basic cosmological observations (distribution of matter in the universe, cosmic structures, large-scale homogeneity and isotropy), Olbers' paradox, cosmic expansion, big bang, CMBR; cosmological principle, spaces of constant curvature, FLRW metric; matter and radiation as “cosmic fluid”, evolution of their density; Friedmann equation, inventory of possible cosmic evolutions, role of matter, radiation, spatial curvature and cosmological constant; language of Omega-factors and current “concordance” parameter values. Geodesics, properties of the cosmic-fluid congruence; cosmological redshift; standard candles, cosmological distances (luminosity and angular-diameter distance), redshift-distance relation; cosmological particle and event horizons. Dynamics of expansion, cosmological evolution of crucial quantities. Dark matter, dark energy, problems of FLRW models.

Thermal history of the universe; nucleosynthesis, baryon-to-photon ratio, baryon asymmetry, cosmic baryogenesis, Sakharov’s conditions, washout, baryogenesis in the Standard Model of particle interactions (baryon number violation, CP violation, instantons and sphalerons, problems of weak-scale baryogenesis), baryon-to-lepton number transitions, leptogenesis in the Standard Model with massive neutrinos, Davidson-Ibarra limit, grand unification.

Shortcomings of the standard model of cosmology, introduction of the idea of inflationary expansion. Scalar field as a model for inflationary behaviour, Guth’s inflation, additional inflationary models based on scalar fields (connection with GUT and early universe); phase transitions, bubble dynamics, (classical) evolution of scalar field’s quantum fluctuations and metric fluctuations. Observational signatures of inflation, alternative realizations of inflation.

Perturbative treatment of matter clustering (connection with basic cosmology), definition of metric perturbations, derivation of Jeans’ criteria and description of linear collapse, gauge problem in relativistic perturbations, Bardeen’s approach to gauge invariant perturbations, basic ideas of covariant perturbations, non-linear perturbations and structure growth (basic ideas).

Detailed description of the matter era (dust and radiation), origin of CMB radiation, multifluid perturbation theory, characterization of the primary anisotropies (acoustic oscillations, Silk damping), secondary anisotropies (gravitational lensing, Sachs-Wolfe effect, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect), polarization (E modes and B modes), CMB spectrum features and its significance, CMB fast algorithm, CAMB algorithm.

Dark energy, dark matter - basic observations, cosmological constant, time dependent cosmological constant and quintessence, X-essence, current models of dark energy (inhomogeneous universe and averaging, modified gravity). Dark matter distribution from weak lensing and from cosmic shear, observational constraints on dark matter and dark-energy models.

Dark ages, atoms, molecules, stars, galaxies: structure-formation models and simulations. Large-scale structure of the universe. Baryon acoustic oscillations.

Very-long-range forecasts…